Climate science and carbon removal
How the climate is changing, and the science and industry of removing carbon dioxide.
- WikiBECCS (bioenergy with carbon capture and storage)BECCS burns or ferments biomass for energy and stores the CO2 underground. How it works, how much it removes, costs, limits and the Stockholm plant.Updated
- WikiClimeworksClimeworks is a Swiss direct air capture company that runs the Orca and Mammoth plants in Iceland. Its technology, performance data and goals.Updated
- WikiDirect air capture (DAC)Direct air capture pulls CO2 out of ambient air for storage. How it works, what it costs, and where Mammoth and STRATOS stand in October 2026.Updated
- WikiEnhanced rock weatheringEnhanced weathering spreads crushed rock on farmland to lock up CO2. How it works, field-trial evidence, potential, and why measuring it is hard.Updated
- WikiFrontier (carbon removal buyers' coalition)Frontier is an advance market commitment by Stripe, Google, Shopify and others to buy durable carbon removal. Its size, members and deals as of 2026.Updated
- WikiIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)The IPCC is the UN body that assesses climate science. What it found in AR6, what is planned for AR7, and the 2026 dispute over its report timeline.Updated
- WikiOcean-based carbon dioxide removalOcean CDR uses seawater chemistry or biology to store more CO2: alkalinity enhancement, direct ocean capture and seaweed. Methods, trials and limits.Updated
- AnalysisCan carbon removal scale credibly? The 2026 debateCarbon removal must grow from 2 million to billions of tonnes. The evidence on growth, measurement, permanence and demand, and three competing views.Updated
- AnalysisSolar geoengineering research: the debate in 2026Should scientists study reflecting sunlight to cool the planet? What solar geoengineering is, its risks, current research programmes and competing views.Updated
- ExplainerCarbon budgets explained: how much CO2 is left for 1.5 °CWhat a carbon budget is, why warming tracks cumulative CO2, how much is left for 1.5 °C as of 2026, and why carbon removal enters the picture.Updated
- ExplainerClimate tipping points: coral reefs, AMOC, ice sheets and the AmazonWhat climate tipping points are, why scientists say coral reefs are passing one, and what is known about AMOC, ice sheet and Amazon risks in 2026.Updated
- ExplainerHow climate models and attribution science workHow climate models simulate the Earth, how scientists know warming is human-caused, and how rapid attribution links heatwaves to climate change.Updated
- ExplainerHow global warming is measured: temperature and key indicatorsHow scientists measure global warming: temperature datasets, the 1850–1900 baseline, ocean heat, energy imbalance, sea level and CO2, as of October 2026.Updated