Semiconductors
The chips, fabs, tools and supply chains that every computer and AI system depends on.
- WikiAMDAMD designs CPUs, GPUs and AI accelerators for data centers, PCs and embedded systems. Its history, products, finances and recent deals as of October 2026.Updated
- WikiAnalog in-memory computingAnalog in-memory computing does neural-network maths inside memory arrays so weights never move. How it works, IBM's phase-change work, 2025 results, limits.Updated
- WikiASMLASML is the Dutch company that makes lithography machines for chipmaking and is the only supplier of EUV systems. Its business, results and outlook.Updated
- WikiBackside power deliveryBackside power delivery moves a chip's power wiring beneath the transistors. How Intel's PowerVia and TSMC's A16 backside power rail work, and why it matters.Updated
- WikiChiplets and advanced packagingChiplets split a processor into smaller dies joined in one package. Why the industry uses them, the UCIe standard, CoWoS and the packaging bottleneck.Updated
- WikiCo-packaged optics (CPO)Co-packaged optics puts optical engines inside the switch or processor package. Products from NVIDIA, Broadcom and startups, claimed savings, open questions.Updated
- WikiExtreme ultraviolet lithographyExtreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography prints the finest features on advanced chips using 13.5 nm light. How it works, who makes it and what is new.Updated
- WikiGate-all-around (GAA) transistorsGate-all-around nanosheet transistors replace FinFETs at the leading edge. How they work, who makes them, and what comes next (forksheet, CFET).Updated
- WikiHybrid bondingHybrid bonding stacks chips with direct copper-to-copper connections instead of solder bumps. How it works, pitch milestones, uses and challenges.Updated
- Wikiimecimec is the Belgian semiconductor research centre that maps the logic roadmap beyond nanosheets, from forksheet and CFET transistors to hybrid bonding.Updated
- WikiIntelIntel designs and manufactures processors and runs a contract foundry. Its history, 18A process, finances and new investors as of October 2026.Updated
- WikiNeuromorphic computingNeuromorphic computing builds chips inspired by the brain's spiking neurons. Intel's Hala Point, IBM's NorthPole, the 2025 Nature roadmap and open questions.Updated
- WikiNVIDIANVIDIA designs GPUs, CPUs and networking for AI data centers. Its history, products, finances and recent developments as of October 2026.Updated
- WikiSamsung ElectronicsSamsung Electronics is a South Korean maker of memory chips, foundry services and devices. Its structure, chip business and 2026 results.Updated
- WikiTSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company)TSMC is the Taiwanese contract chipmaker that builds chips designed by other companies. Its history, scale, process technology and 2026 results.Updated
- ● DevelopingNext-gen computing hardware tracker: 2024-2026 milestonesA live timeline of milestones in GAA transistors, backside power, chiplets, co-packaged optics, neuromorphic and analog in-memory computing.Updated 19 confirmed
- ● DevelopingUS export controls on advanced AI chipsHow US rules on exporting advanced AI chips to China have changed since October 2022, who they affect, and what is still unresolved.Updated 16 confirmed
- AnalysisWhy AI chip supply is so concentratedWhy a few firms make the chips, memory and tools behind AI, what the evidence shows as of 2026, and competing views on change.Updated
- AnalysisBeyond Moore's law: which hardware bets will pay off?The open debates in next-gen computing hardware: incremental scaling vs radical new compute, how fast optics replaces copper, and vendor claims vs evidence.Updated
- ExplainerNext-gen computing hardware in 2026: a crash courseA crash course on computing beyond conventional chip scaling: GAA transistors, backside power, chiplets, optical links, neuromorphic and analog compute.Updated
- ExplainerHow advanced chips are madeA step-by-step guide to making advanced chips: design software, wafer fabrication, lithography and packaging, at beginner and expert level.Updated
- ExplainerHow optical interconnects and silicon photonics workWhy data centers are replacing copper and pluggable transceivers with light, and how silicon photonics, optical chiplets and co-packaged optics work.Updated
- ExplainerThe memory wall: why moving data limits AI hardwareWhy AI chips are increasingly limited by memory and interconnect bandwidth rather than raw compute, and which hardware ideas try to fix it.Updated
- ExplainerWhy chip scaling slowed, and what replaced itHow the end of Dennard scaling around 2005 created a power wall, why multi-core and accelerators followed, and why new hardware ideas now matter.Updated